電磁防護及衛星定位鐵路應用專欄簡介
Special Issue on “Electromagnetic Protection & GNSS for Railway Applications”
本專欄特邀編委
Guest Editors
Kai-Kit Wong，University College London
Jun Fan, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Xurong Dong, International Cooperation Research Center, China Satellite Navigation Office
Kun Liang, National Institute of Metrology, China
專欄簡介
Overview
中國高速鐵路飛速發展，取得了舉世矚目的成果，具備了世界其他各國無法比擬的規模優勢和後發優勢。發展高鐵的重中之重是確保高鐵運輸的安全性。但在高速鐵路技術引進、聯合設計到消化吸收、集成創新的發展過程中，中國從世界各國引進的動車組和車載設備的電磁兼容設計理念不同，導致設備和動車組係統無法實現全麵兼容，使得在高鐵運行的初期，動車組及車載設備的電磁幹擾故障頻出，嚴重影響了高鐵運營的安全性和可靠性。高速鐵路的電磁環境和高速鐵路係統及裝備的電磁兼容性能是涉及整個高鐵網絡運行安全性和可靠性的關鍵要素之一。針對高速鐵路電磁環境的研究，其基礎是針對高速鐵路係統電磁騷擾源及其相互耦合問題的研究。而高速鐵路係統的電磁兼容性能是一個複雜的係統級問題，涉及多源、多發射體間的互耦、瞬態騷擾的幹擾效應、跨線運營時的電磁幹擾故障風險檢測、複雜係統的電磁兼容建模、高速鐵路係統電磁發射的測量及數據分析、高速鐵路係統的電磁幹擾防護技術等。
隨著全球衛星導航係統，特別是北鬥衛星導航係統的進一步升級與完善，為鐵路行業基於位置的服務提供了新的實現方式，北鬥導航在鐵路領域的廣泛應用充滿前景。基於設計的列車定位單元，在衛星定位性能指標體係與鐵路RAMS性能指標體係映射、衛星定位性能評估、融合定位完好性監測算法等研究領域，各國研究機構已取得了一些進展，展示了基於衛星導航的列車定位方法在鐵路信號係統中應用的可行性和基本性能水平。當前，歐洲多國和中國分別提出了下一代列車運行控製係統，基於衛星導航的列車定位已成為下一代列控係統的重要應用之一。在低密度線路上，基於建設成本和維護成本的考慮，利用衛星定位技術保障係統的可用性已是未來的主要發展和應用方向。
本專欄旨在概括高速鐵路電磁兼容領域和衛星定位鐵路應用領域最新的研究成果，推動上述技術領域的理論和方法的研究。茄子888app官网從國內外眾多投稿中收錄7篇文章，反映了近年來在電磁兼容建模、電磁幹擾防護、衛星定位性能評估、定位完好性故障檢測等應用領域的部分研究成果。
本專欄已經在 Chinese Journal of Electronics 2020年第1期刊出。
China has made remarkable achievement in high-speed railways (HSR), which highlights the rapid development, keeping ahead in the world by the advantage of latest-developing and scale. It is no doubt that safety is the most significant to HSR. Due to inevitable electromagnetic interference (EMI) existing in HSR, which may degrade the signaling equipment performance, it is a key issue to carry out profound studies on electromagnetic environment (EME) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for HSR equipment. Hence, it becomes more focused on principles and engineering of EME and EMC for HSR. As EME is consisted of space, time and spectrum components related to HSR scenario, studies on EME are based on mutual coupling of all possible EMI sources in HSR. Since HSR is a huge and complex dynamic system, EMC for HSR is a system-level issue. It involves multi EMI sources and mutual coupling of EM phenomena, the interference effect of transient disturbance, the risk detection of EMI fault during cross-line operation, EMC modeling for complex system, et al. Meanwhile, the measurement and data analysis for electromagnetic emission of HSR system, and the anti-electromagnetic technology of HSR system are also included.
Currently, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), especially Beidou has been widely used in railway system and has a bright future in more applications. On localization unit structure, multi-sensor fusion, locations integrity monitoring, indicators of the GNSS-based performance evalsuation and railway RAMS have been made several progresses, they demonstrated the concept of GNSS-based localization and its feasibility. In Europe and China, the next generation of train control systems both propose the GNSS-based train localization as part of the system, and the key for improving flexibility of it. On low-density lines, considering the construction and maintenance costs, the availability of GNSS-based train localization techniques has become the main research and highly possible deployment in the near future.
This special issue aims at summarizing the most recent research results on electromagnetic protection & GNSS for railway applications, promoting the new progress of theories and methodologies. We selected 7 papers with domains ranging from EMC modeling, the anti-electromagnetic technology, GNSS performance analysis & evalsuation, GNSS integrity fault detection etc.
The articles listed below have been included in the special issue on No.1, 2020 of CJE reflecting exciting achievements in recent years.
1. Research on Electromagnetic Compatibility of Chinese High Speed Railway System (Wen, et al. )
從技術發展模式、核心技術特點的角度，討論我國高速鐵路係統目前麵臨的電磁安全性問題。分析了現有試驗方法及試驗場地對實施“高鐵走出去”戰略的限製。結合我國高速鐵路電磁環境特點及高速鐵路發展規劃，在電磁幹擾防護研究、強電磁場防護以及高速鐵路係統輻射發射試驗方法方麵提出相關建議。
Research on Electromagnetic Compatibility of Chinese High Speed Railway System (Wen , et al.) discussed the EMC and the electromagnetic safety issue of Chinese HSR, which is derived from technology development mode and core technology characteristics. The limitation of the high speed train's exportation due to the lack of test method for the train's emission is also analyzed. Combining the electromagnetic environment characteristic and the development planning of Chinese HSR, several suggestions in the research of anti-electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic protection in the strong electromagnetic field and the whole large system's radiation emission test method are put forward.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.002
2. Survey of Performance evalsuation Standardization and Research Methods on GNSS-Based Localization for Railways (Cai, et al.)
對基於衛星的列車定位性能評估及標準化進行了綜述，論文首先以CTCS-3為基礎分析了列控領域中列車定位技術和性能需求，總結了GNSS定位性能參數在不同交通領域的研究現狀。基於上述兩類性能需求之間的關係，定義了精度、完好性、可靠性、可用性和安全性等五種適用於列車GNSS定位的性能參數，並對上述五種參數評估方法的研究現狀進行了調研和總結。
Survey of Performance evalsuation Standardization and Research Methods on GNSS-Based Localization for Railways (Cai, et al.) gives a structure survey of the performance evalsuation standardization of GNSS-based train localization. Analysis of train localization technique and its performance requirement in CTCS-3 are the basis. Then GNSS performance characteristics suggested in different transportation field are analyzed. Based on the research on the relation of these two kinds of performance, five characteristics consist of accuracy, integrity, reliability, availability and safety are proposed and research on the evalsuation approaches are investigated.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.003
3. Optimized Fault Detection Algorithm Aided by BDS Baseband Signal for Train Positioning (Wang, et al.)
針對衛星導航信號在傳播過程易受遮蔽、多徑等因素影響，提出一種基於導航基帶信號的故障檢測方法，該方法能夠改進高速列車衛星定位完好性監測性能，為滿足鐵路行業對衛星定位服務的安全要求提供一定的參考。
Optimized Fault Detection Algorithm Aided by BDS Baseband Signal for Train Positioning (Wang,et al.)Aiming at the influence of satellite navigation signal on the propagation processes, such as shadow and multipath effects, the fault detection algorithm based on navigation satellite system baseband signal is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the monitoring performance of train satellite positioning integrity. The results are instructive for the study of satellite navigation positioning services for meeting the railway industry's security requirements.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.004
4. GNSS Fault Detection and Exclusion based on Virtual Pseudorange-based Consistency Check Method (Liu, et al.)
提出了一種基於虛擬衛星偽距數據實施一致性檢驗的列車衛星定位故障檢測與排除方法。該方法不需增設額外定位傳感器，打破了導航衛星可見性對傳統定位完好性監測方法實施故障檢測與排除的限製。此方法與常規基於殘差的自主完好性監測算法進行了對比，驗證了其更優的可用性水平和對衛星觀測量有效利用的能力。
GNSS Fault Detection and Exclusion based on Virtual Pseudorange-based Consistency Check Method (Liu, et al.) introduces a consistency check method of FDE (Fault Detection and Exclusion) for GNSS-based train positioning using the virtual satellite pseudorange data. Without relying on extra position sensors, this method breaks the limitation of classical integrity methods that require a suitable satellite visibility level to carry out FDE. Compared with the classical residual-based GNSS integrity monitoring algorithm, this method achieves a higher availability and makes the best use of GNSS measurements even under limited GNSS observing conditions.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.005
5. Hazard Rate Estimation for GNSS-Based Train Localization Using Model-Based Approach (Lu, et al.)
提供了一種可用於基於GNSS的列車定位功能風險率評估的方法，並利用GNSS定位單元工作原理，提出了一種基於模型的鐵路定位行為特征的方法。通過實測數據，所提出方法的有效性得到了證明，並對車站環境下GNSS存在的風險進行了分析。
Hazard Rate Estimation for GNSS-Based Train Localization Using Model-Based Approach (Lu, et al.) provides a method for hazard rate estimation of the GNSS-based train localization function, also proposes a model-based approach using GNSS localization unit working principle to study railway localization behaviors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evalsuated by the field test data, and the risks of GNSS in a train station environment condition are analyzed.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.006
6. An APD-Based evalsuation on the Effect of Transient Disturbance over Digital Transmission (Geng, et al.)
提出了一種基於瞬態騷擾的統計特性評價高鐵係統中無線信息傳輸鏈路幹擾效應的方法。該方法通過對接收信號的二進製展開，建立了采用多電平調製無線傳輸鏈路的誤比特性能和瞬態騷擾幅度之間的聯係。仿真結果表明該方法可以在更多的應用場景得到更準確的評估結果，並且可以為發射限值的製定提供參考。
An APD-Based evalsuation on the Effect of Transient Disturbance over Digital Transmission (Geng, et al.) introduces a method to evalsuation the effect of transient disturbance over wireless transmission in railway system, based on the statistical characteristics of the disturbance. Relation between the bit error performance of multilevel modulated transmission and the amplitude probability distribution of the transient disturbance is established, by binary expansion of received signal. This method provides evalsuation with higher accuracy in a broader range of applications, as well as reference for emission restriction.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.09.007
7. A VMD Based Improved De-noising of Onboard BTM Receiving Signal (Geng, et al.)
提出了應用於應答器上行鏈路信號去噪的改進的變分模態分解方法。該方法可將含噪信號分解成若幹個窄帶子信號，通過保留應答器報文中心頻率信號達到除噪目的。為實現變分模態分解的正確性及有效性，利用傅裏葉變換-魏格納威利分布及極值點法針確定變分模態分解中含噪信號的分解模態數k。利用所提方法對實測含噪上行鏈路信號進行處理，驗證了該方法的有效性。
A VMD Based Improved De-noising of Onboard BTM Receiving Signal (Geng, et al.) introduces an improved variational mode decomposition method for signal de-noising in the balise uplink signal. This method decomposes the noise-polluted signal into several narrow band sub-signals. Then, the de-noised BTM transmitting signal is reconstructed by the sub-signals of the same frequency as the BTM carrier. To improve the accuracy of the VMD based signal decomposition, the Normalized short time Fourier Transform-Wigner Ville Distribution (NSTFT-WVD) method are applied to determine the decomposition mode number of the target signal. The proposed method is applied to the measured noise-polluted uplink signal, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
DOI: 10.1049/cje.2019.10.001
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